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Translating Organoids into Artificial Kidneys.

Titilola D Kalejaiye1, Amanda D Barreto1, Samira Musah1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA.

Current Transplantation Reports
|October 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Generating kidney organoids from human-induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells offers a promising avenue for artificial organs. Continued research aims to improve their structure and function for kidney transplantation therapy.

Keywords:
Artificial organsIn vitro modelsKidney organoidsRegenerative medicineTissue engineeringTransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Developmental Biology
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Kidney disease impacts over 13% of the global population, with limited treatment options like dialysis and transplantation.
  • Human-induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell-derived kidney organoids present a potential solution for engineering artificial kidneys and addressing donor organ shortages.
  • Organoids are valuable tools for studying kidney development, drug screening, and disease modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in kidney organoid generation and transplantation.
  • To highlight current challenges in the field of kidney organoid research.
  • To explore potential improvements for realizing organoids as artificial organs or transplantation alternatives.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on kidney organoid generation protocols.
  • Analysis of recent advances in cell culture conditions for improved organoid development.
  • Examination of challenges related to tissue patterning, cell specialization, and functional recapitulation.

Main Results:

  • Current kidney organoid protocols generate multicellular structures resembling developing kidneys but often lack the full complexity of native kidneys.
  • Recent progress includes optimizing cell culture to enhance organoid vasculature, cell maturation, and functionality.
  • Limitations persist in achieving complete tissue patterning, specialization, and function, with concerns regarding post-transplantation tumorigenicity.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney organoids hold significant promise for regenerative medicine and kidney transplantation.
  • Further research is crucial to overcome limitations in structural complexity, functional maturity, and safety for clinical application.
  • Improvements in organoid generation are essential to fully harness their potential as artificial organs or therapeutic alternatives.