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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
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Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Using a Virtual Store As a Research Tool to Investigate Consumer In-store Behavior
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Network analysis of international export pattern.

Dilek Gönçer-Demiral1, Meltem İnce-Yenilmez2

  • 1Department of Foreign Trade, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Türkiye.

Social Network Analysis and Mining
|October 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study used network analysis to examine global trade flows among the top 50 exporting countries. It reveals how geographic proximity and key players influence trade, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords:
ExportGephiNetworkSocial Network analysisTrade flow

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Area of Science:

  • Economic Geography
  • Network Science
  • International Trade

Background:

  • Economic growth and development are intrinsically linked to international trade flows.
  • Network analysis offers a robust framework for quantifying the structural properties of global trade relationships.
  • Understanding trade dynamics is crucial for economic policy, particularly in the face of global disruptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the network structure of international trade for the top 50 exporting countries.
  • To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global commercial flows.
  • To identify the role of geographic proximity, key trading partners, and central economies in the global trade network.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized social network analysis software (Gephi 0.9.2) to model trade relationships.
  • Applied network analysis techniques to quantify structural properties of trade networks.
  • Examined trade data for the 50 largest exporting countries worldwide.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed the significant influence of geographic proximity on trade partnerships.
  • Identified specific countries acting as central hubs within the global trade network.
  • Observed shifts and disruptions in commercial flows attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:

  • Network analysis effectively visualizes and quantifies complex international trade patterns.
  • Geographic proximity remains a critical factor in establishing and maintaining trade relationships.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrably altered global trade dynamics, highlighting the interconnectedness and vulnerabilities of the world economy.