Targeting FGL2 in glioma immunosuppression and malignant progression

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant type of glioma with the worst prognosis. Traditional therapies (surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy) have limited therapeutic effects. As a novel therapy emerging in recent years, immunotherapy is increasingly used in glioblastoma (GBM), so we expect to discover more effective immune targets. FGL2, a member of the thrombospondin family, plays an essential role in regulating the activity of immune cells and tumor cells in GBM. Elucidating the role of FGL2 in GBM can help improve immunotherapy efficacy and design treatment protocols. This review discusses the immunosuppressive role of FGL2 in the GBM tumor microenvironment and its ability to promote malignant tumor progression while considering FGL2-targeted therapeutic strategies. Also, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of FGL2 expression on various immune cell types and discuss the possibility of FGL2 and its related mechanisms as new GBM immunotherapy.