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Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration

Published on: November 23, 2019

SIZE-specific dose estimate for lower-limb CT.

Masanao Kobayashi¹, Yusei Nishihara², Tomonobu Haba³

¹Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan. masa1121@fujita-hu.ac.jp.

Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine

|October 31, 2022

Summary

This study validates a new method for assessing patient radiation dose in lower limb CT scans using smaller phantoms. This approach improves the accuracy of size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) for better patient dosimetry.

Keywords:

CT Monte Carlo simulation Patient dose Size-specific dose estimate

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Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Radiological Dosimetry

Background:

Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) is limited for patient dosimetry.
Size-Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE) requires CTDIvol and conversion factors.
Current methods lack validation for lower limb CT dose assessment using standard phantoms.

Purpose of the Study:

To validate a new method for evaluating SSDE in lower limb CT examinations.
To assess the appropriateness of using smaller phantoms (160-mm diameter) for lower limb dose assessment.
To establish a reliable method for estimating patient dose in lower limb CT.

Main Methods:

Utilized two 160-mm diameter phantoms for dose assessment in lower limb CT.
Employed Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to obtain CTDIvol(z) values.
Calculated the conversion factor f(D(z_l.l.)) based on MC simulations and a reference adult phantom.
Evaluated absorbed doses in the pelvis, thighs, knees, and ankles.

Main Results:

MC simulation-derived CTDIvol(z) values were consistent with dosimetry studies.
The conversion factor for lower limbs was determined using 160-mm phantoms.
A maximum dose difference of 8.3 mGy (16%) was observed in the thighs compared to absorbed dose.
The study demonstrated that SSDE(z_l.l.) can be estimated from CTDIvol(z) displayed on the CT console.

Conclusions:

The proposed method using two 160-mm phantoms is appropriate for evaluating SSDE in lower limb CT.
This approach provides a more accurate patient dosimetry for lower limb CT examinations.
The findings enable reliable estimation of patient dose from CT scanner console data.