Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

76.0K
During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
76.0K
Genetic Material01:20

Genetic Material

2.0K
Within the human body, a complex and detailed system of trillions of cells works in unison to sustain life. Each cell houses a nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosomes are highly coiled structures made of the genetic material DNA. These chromosomes are essential carriers of genetic information, with half inherited from the mother through her egg and the other half from the father's sperm, combining to create the unique genetic makeup of an individual.
2.0K
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

19.2K
The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
19.2K
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

147.5K
Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
147.5K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.9K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.9K
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

30.7K
Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic...
30.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Human neuromodulatory assembloids to study serotonin signaling and disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Developmental convergence and divergence in human stem cell models of autism.

Nature·2026
Same author

CRISPR screens in human neural organoids and assembloids.

Nature protocols·2025
Same author

Human Assembloid Model of Emergent Neurotropic Enteroviruses.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Midline assembloids reveal regulators of human axon guidance.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Scalable production of human cortical organoids using a biocompatible polymer.

Nature biomedical engineering·2025
Same journal

Expanding the C. elegans toolkit with gonad explants.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Nuclear Factor Y controls nutrient-adaptive epithelial growth by regulating mTOR in the Drosophila midgut.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Primordial germ cells differentially contribute to the germline in zebrafish.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Dissecting planar and vertical organiser signals in early chick neural development.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Real-time transcriptomic profiling of hPSC-derived cartilage during development identifies a key role for the extracellular matrix in homeostasis and protection.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

In preprints - housekeeping the housekeeping genes.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

In Vitro Cultivation Techniques for Modeling Liver Organogenesis, Building Assembloids, and Designing Synthetic Tissues using Human Cell Lines
08:50

In Vitro Cultivation Techniques for Modeling Liver Organogenesis, Building Assembloids, and Designing Synthetic Tissues using Human Cell Lines

Published on: April 18, 2025

519

Human assembloids.

Sabina Kanton1,2, Sergiu P Paşca1,2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|November 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Assembloids, combining multiple organoids, capture complex cellular interactions missing in traditional organoid models. This advanced 3D system aids in studying tissue development and diseases.

Keywords:
AssembloidsCell–cell interactionsDisease modelingHuman developmentOrganoidsPluripotent stem cells

More Related Videos

Generating Self-Assembling Human Heart Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells
08:56

Generating Self-Assembling Human Heart Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: September 15, 2021

9.7K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Genetic Epilepsy Studies with Multi-Electrode Array-Based Long-Term Electrophysiological Monitoring of Human Brain Assembloids
06:30

Author Spotlight: Advancing Genetic Epilepsy Studies with Multi-Electrode Array-Based Long-Term Electrophysiological Monitoring of Human Brain Assembloids

Published on: September 27, 2024

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 23, 2025

In Vitro Cultivation Techniques for Modeling Liver Organogenesis, Building Assembloids, and Designing Synthetic Tissues using Human Cell Lines
08:50

In Vitro Cultivation Techniques for Modeling Liver Organogenesis, Building Assembloids, and Designing Synthetic Tissues using Human Cell Lines

Published on: April 18, 2025

519
Generating Self-Assembling Human Heart Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells
08:56

Generating Self-Assembling Human Heart Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: September 15, 2021

9.7K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Genetic Epilepsy Studies with Multi-Electrode Array-Based Long-Term Electrophysiological Monitoring of Human Brain Assembloids
06:30

Author Spotlight: Advancing Genetic Epilepsy Studies with Multi-Electrode Array-Based Long-Term Electrophysiological Monitoring of Human Brain Assembloids

Published on: September 27, 2024

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Stem cell research
  • Tissue engineering

Background:

  • Understanding organ development and disease requires studying complex cellular interactions.
  • Organoids are valuable 3D stem cell models but often lack inter-tissue communication.
  • Emergent tissue properties arise from interactions between different cell types and tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce the concept and applications of assembloids.
  • Highlight assembloids as a novel 3D system for studying development and disease.
  • Discuss tools and challenges related to assembloid research.

Main Methods:

  • Assembloids are created by integrating multiple organoids or combining organoids with tissue explants.
  • These self-organizing 3D systems mimic developmental processes by incorporating diverse cellular components.
  • Various tools are employed to probe and manipulate assembloids for experimental analysis.

Main Results:

  • Assembloids enable the study of inter-tissue and inter-lineage cellular interactions.
  • Applications include investigating nervous system development and other complex tissues.
  • This approach facilitates the interrogation of developmental processes and disease mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Assembloids represent a significant advancement over traditional organoids for studying complex biological systems.
  • They offer new avenues for understanding how organs assemble and how diseases disrupt physiological processes.
  • Further development of tools and techniques will enhance the potential of assembloids in biological research.