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Microbiome and Human Health: Current Understanding, Engineering, and Enabling Technologies.

Nikhil Aggarwal1,2, Shohei Kitano1,2, Ginette Ru Ying Puah1,2,3,4

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The human microbiome, crucial for health, can cause disease when disrupted. This review explores microbiome-health links and therapeutic modulation strategies for future research.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Health
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • The human microbiome comprises dynamic microbial communities coevolved with the host, playing a vital role in health.
  • Alterations in the human microbiome are linked to the development or worsening of various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the human microbiome's relationship with health and disease.
  • To discuss strategies for modulating the microbiome for therapeutic benefits.
  • To examine emerging technologies for microbiome research and engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive, and skin microbiomes.
  • Analysis of therapeutic modulation strategies.
  • Examination of advanced technologies like multiomics and microbial cellular reprogramming.

Main Results:

  • The human microbiome significantly influences host health and disease across multiple body systems.
  • Microbiome modulation presents a promising therapeutic avenue.
  • Emerging technologies are poised to revolutionize microbiome research.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the human microbiome is key to deciphering health and disease.
  • Targeted microbiome interventions offer potential therapeutic applications.
  • Technological advancements will drive future microbiome research and engineering.