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PNEUMONIA AMONG CHILDREN UNDER 1 YEAR OF AGE: ANALYSIS OF INCIDENCE AND HOSPITAL MORTALITY FROM 2010 TO 2020 IN THE

L Yeraliyeva1, A Issayeva2, G Tanbayeva3

  • 1NJSC "National Medical University" named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan; "National Scientific Center for Phthisiopulmonology" of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan; NJSC "Al-Farabi Kazakh National University", Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.

Georgian Medical News
|November 1, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Pneumonia incidence in Kazakhstan children under 1 decreased significantly after pneumococcal vaccination was introduced. Further study on vaccination refusals is recommended.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pneumonia remains a leading cause of child mortality globally.
  • The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has shown promise in reducing pneumonia burden.
  • Kazakhstan introduced PCV into its National Immunization Schedule in 2010.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the trends in pneumonia morbidity and mortality among children under 1 year of age in Kazakhstan.
  • To evaluate the impact of the national pneumococcal vaccination program over a 10-year period (2010-2020).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study design.
  • Utilized statistical data from the National Scientific Center for Health Development (2010-2020).
  • Epidemiological analysis focused on pneumonia incidence per 1000 children under 1 year.

Main Results:

  • Pneumonia incidence in children under 1 decreased from 54.1 cases per 1000 in 2010 to 20.1 cases per 1000 in 2020.
  • Regional analysis identified specific areas with persistently high pneumonia incidence.
  • While overall incidence declined, Almaty showed a relatively high proportion of mortality from all causes in infants.

Conclusions:

  • The national immunization program against pneumococcal infection has been associated with a significant reduction in pneumonia incidence in infants in Kazakhstan.
  • Despite the overall decrease, regional disparities and specific mortality patterns warrant further investigation.
  • Future research should explore factors influencing vaccine uptake, including parental refusal rates.

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