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Predictive Gestational Diabetes Biomarkers With Sustained Alterations Throughout Pregnancy
Hannah Heath1,2, Jennifer Luevano1,2, Catherine M Johnson2
1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
Journal of the Endocrine Society
|November 2, 2022
Summary
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) involves altered metabolic pathways throughout pregnancy, impacting maternal and infant health. Identifying consistently perturbed metabolites may reveal key targets for future GDM interventions.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Metabolomics
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases risks for mothers and infants.
- Metabolomics can identify biomarkers for GDM pathogenesis.
- Few studies examine GDM metabolic alterations across trimesters.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review metabolites consistently altered in GDM across pregnancy.
- To propose mechanisms linking metabolic changes to GDM.
- To identify potential intervention targets for GDM.
Main Methods:
- Scoping review of metabolomics studies.
- Searched PubMed, Medline, and CINAHL Plus databases.
- Compared plasma and serum metabolite alterations in GDM vs. non-GDM pregnancies.
Main Results:
- Consistent alterations in fatty acid metabolism, reductive carboxylation, branched-chain amino acid metabolism, cell membrane lipid metabolism, purine degradation, and gut microbiome metabolites were observed.
- Many altered pathways link to insulin resistance, inflammation, and impaired cell signaling.
- Specific metabolites altered in early pregnancy and persisting into late pregnancy were identified.
Conclusions:
- Metabolic perturbations are present throughout GDM pregnancies.
- These alterations are mechanistically linked to key aspects of GDM.
- Further research is needed to explore therapeutic normalization of these pathways.
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