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Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Down Syndrome children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Angela Militi1, Riccardo Nucera1, Giusy Chirieleison1

  • 1Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is more common and severe in children with Down syndrome (DS). Early screening and treatment for OSAS in DS patients are recommended, though predictors are lacking.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) presents significant clinical challenges for individuals with Down syndrome (DS).
  • OSAS is notably more prevalent and severe in the DS population compared to the general population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the prevalence and severity of OSAS in children with Down syndrome.
  • To assess the utility of screening and treatment for OSAS in this population.
  • To identify potential associations between sleep disturbances and daily living activities in children with DS.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library.
  • Nine studies were selected for evaluation based on predefined inclusion criteria.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents with Down syndrome exhibit a high comorbidity of OSAS.
  • Evidence supports the benefit of widespread screening and treatment of OSAS in children with DS.
  • Sleep disturbances are linked to functional daily living activities in children with DS.

Conclusions:

  • Children with Down syndrome have higher rates and severity of OSAS.
  • Currently, no reliable clinical predictors for OSAS exist specifically for children with DS.