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Altered brain connectivity during visual stimulation in schizophrenia.

Lucas B Galdino1,2, Thiago Fernandes3, Kerstin E Schmidt4

  • 1Laboratory of Perception, Neurosciences and Behaviour, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil. galdino@neuro.ufrn.br.

Experimental Brain Research
|November 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Schizophrenia patients exhibit altered brain connectivity during visual tasks. Specifically, their functional brain networks show reduced small-worldness in the low-gamma band, indicating potential sensory processing deficits.

Keywords:
Brain circuitryBrain connectivityEEGElectroencephalographyLow-gammaSchizophreniaVEPVisually evoked potentials

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Schizophrenia (SCZ) is characterized as a functional dysconnectivity syndrome impacting brain networks.
  • The modulation of network parameters by sensory stimulation in SCZ, particularly during visual processing, remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how visual stimulation affects functional connectivity and network parameters, specifically small-worldness (SW), in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) compared to healthy controls (HC).

Main Methods:

  • Applied graph theory algorithms to multi-electrode electroencephalography (EEG) recordings during visual stimulation (checkerboard pattern-reversal).
  • Analyzed Magnitude-Squared Coherence in alpha (8-13 Hz) and low-gamma (36-55 Hz) bands between occipital electrodes.
  • Calculated graph measures including Characteristic Path Length (L) and small-worldness (SW).

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia patients showed decreased visually evoked potential (VEP) amplitude but no latency differences compared to controls.
  • In the alpha band, visual stimulation affected network measures but showed no group differences.
  • In the low-gamma band, both groups decreased Characteristic Path Length (L) during stimulation; however, only SCZ patients significantly reduced their small-world (SW) connectivity index.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest dysconnectivity in the low-gamma functional network of SCZ patients during visual stimulation.
  • This altered network parameter may reflect an impaired ability to respond to new sensory input in schizophrenia.
  • Graph theory analysis of EEG provides a potential electrophysiological signature for global deficits in schizophrenia.