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Dominance and Prestige as Self-Concept Facets.

Robert Körner1,2, Timo Heydasch3, Astrid Schütz2

  • 1Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg.

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Dominance and prestige are two strategies for navigating social hierarchies. This research developed a new questionnaire (DPQ) to measure these as stable self-concept facets, proving their validity and predictive power in various life contexts.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Personality Psychology

Background:

  • Hierarchies are navigated through dominance (intimidation) or prestige (expertise).
  • Existing models and scales for dominance and prestige require refinement.
  • Conceptualizing these as stable self-concept facets can enhance their explanatory power.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To refine the conceptualization and measurement of dominance and prestige.
  • To assess dominance and prestige as stable self-concept facets.
  • To validate a new Dominance and Prestige Questionnaire (DPQ).

Main Methods:

  • Developed and validated the Dominance and Prestige Questionnaire (DPQ) across four studies (N=1,993).
  • Assessed temporal stability of dominance and prestige.
  • Examined associations with 72 personality variables and 14 objective criteria.
  • Investigated self-other agreement using a truth and bias model.

Main Results:

  • The DPQ demonstrated good psychometric properties and high temporal stability for both dominance and prestige.
  • Dominance and prestige showed strong nomological and criterion validity.
  • These self-concept facets predicted friendship satisfaction, a novel finding.
  • High self-other agreement was found for self-perceptions of dominance and prestige.

Conclusions:

  • Self-perceptions of dominance and prestige are stable, valid, and accurate.
  • These concepts are relevant beyond leadership, extending to interpersonal relationships.
  • Future research should explore dominance and prestige in diverse life domains like families and academia.