An optimized total focusing method based on delay-multiply-and-sum for nondestructive testing

Total focusing method (TFM) attracts much interest because of high image resolution and large inspection coverage. However, the synthetic focusing approach based on delay-and-sum beamforming employs only the defect information contained in the dataset while ignoring the spatial information of the array signals, leading to limited imaging performance mixed with artifacts and noise. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) suffers due to single-element emission of full matrix capture. This work combines a modified delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) beamforming approach with conventional synthetic focusing in the TFM algorithm, to achieve optimization of TFM imaging performance. DMAS-based TFM is able to take full advantage of the defect and spatial information in the array dataset, and to generate new frequency components for better image reconstruction. As demonstrated on a series of comparative simulation and experimental results, the imaging results of the optimized TFM provide a considerable improvement in SNR. Better lateral spatial resolution is also achieved due to the increased number of equivalent transducer elements and second harmonic component. Therefore, this work provides a quite promising alternative solution for the post-processing of ultrasonic phased array with improved imaging performance.