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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics and optomechanics
  • Solid-state physics
  • Nanophotonics and microwave engineering

Background:

  • Mechanical resonators facilitate photon interfacing between microwave and optical domains due to high quality factors.
  • Optical pumping for frequency conversion introduces significant noise, limiting transduction efficiency and signal integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate bi-directional on-chip conversion between microwave and optical frequencies with ultra-low noise.
  • To leverage the properties of thin-film gallium phosphide for efficient optomechanical transduction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized piezoelectric actuation of a Gigahertz-frequency optomechanical resonator made from thin-film gallium phosphide.
  • Operated the device at optomechanical cooperativities exceeding one, enabled by large optomechanical coupling and suppressed two-photon absorption.
  • Incorporated a high-impedance on-chip matching resonator for impedance matching with a 50-Ω source.

Main Results:

  • Achieved bi-directional on-chip conversion between microwave and optical frequencies.
  • Demonstrated operation at optomechanical cooperativities greatly exceeding one.
  • Induced less than one thermal noise phonon using a pulsed upconversion pump.

Conclusions:

  • Thin-film gallium phosphide is a versatile platform for ultra-low-noise photon conversion between microwave and optical frequencies.
  • The developed method overcomes previous noise limitations in optomechanical transduction.
  • This advancement is crucial for developing quantum communication and sensing technologies.