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Coping Strategies for Exposure to Trauma Situations in First Responders: A Systematic Review
Alejandra María Díaz-Tamayo1,2, Jorge Reinerio Escobar-Morantes1, Herney Andrés García-Perdomo2,3
1Technology Program in Prehospital Care, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
|November 3, 2022
Summary
First responders often use nonadaptive coping strategies like avoidance, increasing risks for PTSD and burnout. Promoting active coping and emotional support can mitigate negative effects from traumatic events.
Area of Science:
- Emergency medicine
- Psychology
- Occupational health
Background:
- First responders face significant exposure to traumatic events.
- Understanding their coping mechanisms is crucial for mental well-being.
Approach:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across major health databases.
- Studies included prehospital emergency responders using validated coping strategy instruments.
Key Points:
- Nonadaptive coping, particularly avoidance, is prevalent among first responders.
- Nonadaptive strategies correlate with increased PTSD, burnout, and chronic stress.
- Adaptive strategies include active coping, acceptance, and seeking social/instrumental support.
Conclusions:
- Developing adaptive coping strategies is vital for emergency personnel.
- Strengthening problem-focused and support-seeking coping can prevent long-term negative impacts.
- Promoting active coping over avoidance is recommended.
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