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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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[Fast-evolving cognitive impairment: a home-based diagnosis].

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Neurosyphilis, a syphilis infection of the brain, presents diverse symptoms that can mimic other neurological disorders. Early diagnosis and management are crucial, especially in older adults, despite diagnostic challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Geriatrics

Context:

  • Syphilis incidence has risen in Switzerland over the past decade.
  • Neurosyphilis symptoms are highly variable and can resemble other neurocognitive disorders.
  • Diagnosis and management can be challenging, particularly in elderly patients.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the diagnostic and management difficulties associated with neurosyphilis in an older patient.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering neurosyphilis in the differential diagnosis of cognitive decline in the elderly.
  • To discuss potential pitfalls in diagnosing and managing neurosyphilis.

Summary:

  • This case report details the diagnostic journey of an older patient with neurosyphilis, initially suspected during a home visit.
  • The patient presented with heterogeneous clinical and neurocognitive symptoms mimicking other conditions.
  • The article underscores the complexities in diagnosing and managing neurosyphilis in geriatric populations.

Impact:

  • Increased awareness among clinicians regarding the varied presentations of neurosyphilis.
  • Improved diagnostic strategies for neurosyphilis in older adults.
  • Better patient outcomes through timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment of neurosyphilis.