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Psychiatric disorders in perinatally HIV-exposed, uninfected children: a systematic review

Sammy Ameri1, Ellen Moseholm1,2, Nina Weis1,3

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.

AIDS Care
|November 3, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Children exposed perinatally to HIV but uninfected (HEU) show increased psychiatric disorders compared to HIV-unexposed children. Psychosocial factors, not HIV exposure itself, may drive these mental health concerns.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric mental health
  • Infectious disease epidemiology
  • Global child health

Background:

  • The growing population of perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children globally necessitates understanding their mental well-being.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential impacts of perinatal HIV and antiretroviral (ARV) exposure on neurodevelopment and psychiatric health in uninfected children.
  • Systematic review of psychiatric disorders in HEU children is crucial for targeted interventions and support.

Approach:

  • Systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Comprehensive search across 5 databases yielding 1,976 articles.
  • Inclusion of 13 studies meeting criteria, with qualitative data synthesis.

Key Points:

  • Eight studies compared psychiatric disorders in perinatally HIV-infected children versus HEU children, with minimal differences noted.
  • Three studies indicated a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in HEU children compared to HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU) children.
  • Psychosocial stress, socioeconomic status, and stigma are identified as contributing factors to increased mental disorder risk in HEU children.

Conclusions:

  • HEU children may face a higher risk for psychiatric disorders compared to their unexposed peers.
  • Further research is required to investigate HEU children versus HUU children, controlling for confounding variables.
  • Addressing psychosocial stressors is vital for improving mental health outcomes in the HEU population.

Keywords:
ART exposureChildrenantiretroviral therapypediatricsperinatal HIV exposurepsychiatric disorder

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