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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Collection and Identification of Pollen from Honey Bee Colonies

Collection and Identification of Pollen from Honey Bee Colonies

Published on: January 19, 2021

POLLEN DIAGRAMS FROM NORTHUMBERLAND.

G Davies¹, J Turner¹

¹Department of Botany, University of Durham, Durham.

The New Phytologist

|November 5, 2022

Summary

Prehistoric human activity, including grazing and farming, significantly impacted Northumberland

Area of Science:

Paleoecology
Archaeobotany
Quaternary Science

Background:

Investigating prehistoric human impact on vegetation is crucial for understanding landscape evolution.
Pollen analysis provides a proxy for reconstructing past vegetation and land-use changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the impact of prehistoric human activities on Northumberland's vegetation since the Neolithic period.
To establish a timeline of vegetational changes using radiocarbon dating.

Main Methods:

Pollen diagram analysis from four Northumberland sites.
Radiocarbon dating of major vegetational changes.
Correlation with archaeological evidence for settlement.

Main Results:

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Evidence of small, temporary Bronze Age and pre-Roman Iron Age clearances for grazing at all sites.
Major forest clearance for pasture during Roman occupation (Fellend, Steng Mosses) and potentially late medieval period (Camp Hill Moss).
Post-Roman forest regeneration indicating economic stability, followed by further clearance during Scandinavian settlement and late medieval farming recession.

Conclusions:

Human land-use, particularly for grazing and agriculture, has profoundly shaped Northumberland's vegetation over millennia.
Vegetational changes correlate with distinct historical periods, including Roman occupation and Scandinavian settlement.
Peat accumulation rates varied, increasing in late medieval times and the late Bronze Age at specific sites.