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Related Concept Videos

Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

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Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
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Autobiographical Memory01:14

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Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
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Flashbulb Memory01:16

Flashbulb Memory

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A flashbulb memory is a highly vivid and detailed memory, often linked to events of significant emotional impact. These memories stand out in contrast to everyday memories due to their clarity and the precision with which they are recalled. The strong emotions associated with the event act as a catalyst, ensuring that specific details, such as one's location, actions, and even peripheral elements, are etched into memory with remarkable accuracy. For example, many people can vividly recall...
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Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
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Storage01:23

Storage

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A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
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Updated: Aug 23, 2025

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
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What is episodic memory and how do we use it?

Charan Ranganath1

  • 1Memory and Plasticity Program, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|November 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores the neural and computational basis of episodic memory, proposing a

Keywords:
Bartlettbehaviorismcognitiveepisodicmemoryrecognitionreductionismrevolutionschemascience

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Episodic memory is extensively studied, yet research often focuses on micro-level learning mechanisms.
  • This micro-level focus may limit understanding of memory at a broader scale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural and computational principles underlying episodic memory.
  • To propose a novel 'molar' approach for studying episodic memory at the scale of an individual's life.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing psychological and neuroscientific research on memory.
  • Conceptual framework development for a 'molar' approach.

Main Results:

  • Identified limitations in current micro-level research on episodic memory.
  • Proposed a 'molar' perspective to address episodic memory across a lifespan.

Conclusions:

  • A shift from micro-level to molar-level analysis is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of episodic memory.
  • The proposed molar approach offers a new framework for future research into life-scale memory.