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Related Concept Videos

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

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Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
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Poison hemlock determination in postmortem samples.

Laura M Labay1, Ayako Chan-Hosokawa1, Joseph W Homan1

  • 1NMS Labs 200, Welsh Road, Horsham, PA 19044, United States.

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|November 6, 2022
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Summary

Forensic toxicology rarely encounters poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). This report details two postmortem cases, demonstrating Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for quantifying coniine, the toxic alkaloid.

Keywords:
BloodConiineGastricPoison hemlockPostmortem toxicology

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) is a widespread North American weed.
  • Forensic toxicology laboratories infrequently analyze for poison hemlock exposure.
  • This report presents two distinct postmortem cases involving poison hemlock ingestion.

Observation:

  • Case 1 (2004): A 27-year-old female found deceased in California; plant material at scene and autopsy signs suggested ingestion.
  • Case 2 (2019): A male in his forties found deceased in Pennsylvania; plant material and green substances observed in the camper.

Findings:

  • Case 1: Quantitative selected-ion monitoring Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SIM-GC/MS) detected coniine at 410 ng/mL in blood and 9300 ng/mL in gastric content.
  • Case 2: Full-scan Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) screened positive for coniine in blood; Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) confirmed a semi-quantitative concentration of 35 ng/mL.

Implications:

  • Established analytical methods, including SIM-GC/MS and LC-MS/MS, can effectively quantify coniine in biological specimens.
  • These methods are crucial for substantiating or excluding poison hemlock exposure in postmortem investigations.
  • Highlights the importance of considering less common toxins in forensic casework.