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Physics is concerned with the interactions of energy, matter, space, and time, in order to discover the underlying mechanisms that underpin all phenomena. The word "physics" comes from the Greek word "phúsis", which means nature. Physics seeks to comprehend the natural world around us at its most fundamental level. It emphasizes the use of quantitative laws to do this, which could be valuable in other fields that want to push the performance boundaries of present...
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The principle of superposition applies to gravitational forces of objects that are sufficiently far apart. It states that the net gravitational force on a point object is the vector sum of the gravitational forces on it due to various objects. The principle helps calculate the force by listing the individual forces and then vectorially summing them up. However, it should be noted that the principle of superposition is not always apparent. In the presence of a second force, the first force could...
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In 1905, Albert Einstein published his special theory of relativity. According to this theory, no matter in the universe can attain a speed greater than the speed of light in a vacuum, which thus serves as the speed limit of the universe.
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According to Albert Einstein (1897-1955), free-falling and feeling weightless are intrinsically linked. If a person were in free-fall under gravity, for example, diving towards the Earth from an airplane, they would feel completely weightless. Similarly, a person descending in a lift may feel partially weightless. Broadly speaking, it is assumed that an object in a uniform gravitational field and an object undergoing constant acceleration in the absence of gravity are under the same...
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A rocket's velocity in the presence of a gravitational field is decreased by the amount of force exerted by Earth's gravitational field, which opposes the motion of the rocket. If we consider thrust, that is, the force exerted on a rocket by the exhaust gases, then a rocket's thrust is greater in outer space than in the atmosphere or on a launch pad. In fact, gases are easier to expel in a vacuum.
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Rockets range in size from small fireworks that ordinary people use to the enormous Saturn V that once propelled massive payloads toward the Moon. The propulsion of all rockets, jet engines, deflating balloons, and even squids and octopuses are explained by the same physical principle: Newton's third law of motion. The matter is forcefully ejected from a system, producing an equal and opposite reaction on what remains.
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A way forward for fundamental physics in space.

A Bassi1,2, L Cacciapuoti3, S Capozziello4,5

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Strada Costiera 11, 34151, Trieste, Italy.

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Space research offers unique advantages for fundamental physics. Utilizing advanced cold-atom sensors and quantum technologies in space can significantly enhance precision measurements, testing universal physical laws.

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Area of Science:

  • Fundamental physics research
  • Space-based scientific exploration
  • Quantum physics and cosmology

Background:

  • Space research enables advancements in fundamental physics.
  • Key questions include Einstein's Equivalence Principle, dark matter/energy, quantum mechanics, and many-body systems.
  • Cold-atom sensors and quantum technologies revolutionize precision measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline scientific priorities for space-based fundamental physics research.
  • To explore the potential of space environments for novel experiments.
  • To leverage unique space conditions for enhanced measurement precision.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing atomic clocks and atom interferometers for precision measurements.
  • Employing classical and quantum links to detect space-time variations.
  • Leveraging unique space conditions to improve signal-to-noise ratios.

Main Results:

  • Space-based instruments can measure minute space-time metric variations.
  • Elusive accelerations and faint forces can be detected.
  • Enhanced precision and signal quality are achievable in space.

Conclusions:

  • Space-based research is crucial for addressing fundamental physics questions.
  • Advanced quantum technologies are key to future space physics missions.
  • A dedicated space research program can significantly advance our understanding of the Universe.