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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

575
The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
575

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment
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Predictability of lower incisor tip using clear aligner therapy.

Julia Meri Smith1, Tony Weir2, Austin Kaang1

  • 1Discipline of Orthodontics, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Progress in Orthodontics
|November 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clear aligner therapy often overestimates lower incisor tip. While attachments slightly improve apex movement, achieved tip is less than predicted, necessitating careful treatment planning for orthodontic tooth movement.

Keywords:
AttachmentsClear aligner therapyClear alignersInvisalign®Lower incisorOrthodontic tooth movementRoot movementTip

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Biomaterials

Background:

  • Accurate prediction of lower incisor tip is crucial for clear aligner therapy success, impacting arch space and aligner fit.
  • ClinCheck® software's accuracy in predicting lower incisor tip requires investigation.
  • The influence of vertically oriented rectangular composite attachments on incisor tip efficacy needs evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the accuracy of ClinCheck® software in predicting lower incisor tip.
  • To compare digitally prescribed lower incisor movements with actual clinical outcomes.
  • To determine if vertical attachments enhance the efficacy of lower incisor tip movement.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 66 lower incisors from 42 non-extraction adult patients using Invisalign®.
  • Measurement of lower incisor tip at pre-treatment, predicted post-treatment, and achieved post-treatment using digital models and metrology software.
  • Comparison of tooth movement from the center of resistance, analyzing predicted versus achieved orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) types.

Main Results:

  • A positive correlation was found between predicted and achieved lower incisor tip (R² = 0.55, p < 0.001), with 0.4 degrees achieved for every 1 degree planned.
  • Vertical attachments resulted in 1.2 degrees greater tip and 0.5 mm greater apex movement compared to no attachments (p=0.062 and p=0.042, respectively).
  • The type of orthodontic tooth movement achieved differed from predictions; 46% achieved root movement versus 67% predicted.

Conclusions:

  • The achieved lower incisor tip in clear aligner therapy is substantially less than predicted by ClinCheck® software.
  • Vertically oriented rectangular attachments are recommended for planned large root movements.
  • Attachments demonstrated a slight improvement in apex movement efficacy.