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Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
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Extranodal T- and NK-cell lymphomas.

Laurence de Leval1, Andrew L Feldman2, Stefano Pileri3

  • 1Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, 25 rue du Bugnon, CH- 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland. Laurence.deLeval@chuv.ch.

Virchows Archiv : an International Journal of Pathology
|November 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers rare non-cutaneous extranodal NK/T cell lymphoproliferations, focusing on their diverse clinical presentations and specific sites like the GI tract and nasal area. It highlights recent molecular advances and diagnostic criteria from the 2022 classification.

Keywords:
Breast implantDiagnosisExtranodalGastrointestinalGenomicsInternational Consensus ClassificationSpleenT-cell lymphoma

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Non-cutaneous extranodal NK/T cell lymphoproliferations are rare, heterogeneous neoplasms.
  • These disorders primarily affect the gastro-intestinal tract, nasal area, spleen, and liver.
  • Entities include nasal-type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, and others.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinicopathologic features of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoproliferations.
  • To discuss recent molecular and genetic characterization advances.
  • To emphasize diagnostic criteria and the 2022 International Consensus Classification updates.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinicopathologic and molecular data.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for extranodal NK/T cell lymphoproliferations.
  • Focus on the 2022 International Consensus Classification of lymphoid neoplasms.

Main Results:

  • Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoproliferations exhibit diverse presentations, ranging from indolent to aggressive.
  • Recent advances provide deeper molecular and genetic insights.
  • The 2022 classification refines diagnostic criteria for these rare entities.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis relies on integrating clinicopathologic features with molecular data.
  • Understanding recent classification changes is crucial for managing these rare neoplasms.
  • Distinguishing these entities from mimickers requires careful application of diagnostic criteria.