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Sleep and disparities in child and adolescent development

Mona El-Sheikh1, Brian T Gillis1, Ekjyot K Saini2

  • 1Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.

Child Development Perspectives
|November 7, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Poor sleep may worsen developmental disparities in children and adolescents from minority or low socioeconomic backgrounds. Better sleep, however, can act as a protective factor against these negative outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Child development
  • Sleep science
  • Health disparities

Background:

  • Sleep significantly impacts child and adolescent development.
  • Race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and discrimination are linked to sleep patterns.
  • The role of sleep in developmental disparities is under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine poor sleep as a mechanism for developmental disparities.
  • To explore better sleep as a protective factor against disparities.
  • To recommend future research on sleep's role in socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and theoretical synthesis.
  • Analysis of existing research on sleep, race/ethnicity, SES, and developmental outcomes.
  • Discussion of sleep as a bioregulatory system.

Main Results:

  • Poor sleep may contribute to psychosocial and cognitive disparities in youth.
  • Adequate sleep may mitigate the negative effects of socioeconomic adversity and discrimination.
  • Sleep is a critical factor in understanding and addressing developmental inequalities.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep is a key pathway influencing the development of racial/ethnic and SES disparities.
  • Interventions promoting better sleep could reduce these disparities.
  • Further research is needed to understand sleep's protective role in development.

Keywords:
adjustmentchildrencognitive functioningrace/ethnicitysleep disparitiessocioeconomic status

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