Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

110
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
110
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

169
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
169
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

115
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
115
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

203
Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
203
Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

193
Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
193
Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

118
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
118

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cadmium induced oxalic acid secretion and its role in metal uptake and detoxification mechanisms in Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Applied microbiology and biotechnology·2014
Same author

[AS-PCR assay for 20 mtDNA SNP typing and haplotype frequency].

Fa yi xue za zhi·2014
Same author

Identification of ANKK1 rs1800497 variant in schizophrenia: new data and meta-analysis.

American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics·2014
Same author

Predictors of consistent condom use among Chinese female sex workers: an application of the protection motivation theory.

Health care for women international·2014
Same author

Overexpression of PEP-19 suppresses angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

Journal of pharmacological sciences·2014
Same author

Altered brain network modules induce helplessness in major depressive disorder.

Journal of affective disorders·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
07:30

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Published on: August 18, 2020

6.8K

Differences in inflammatory marker profiles and cognitive functioning between deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia.

Dandan Wang1, Yewei Wang1, Yan Chen1

  • 1Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|November 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Deficit schizophrenia patients exhibit worse cognitive function and elevated inflammation markers like C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP is identified as an independent risk factor for deficit schizophrenia, suggesting unique immune-inflammatory features.

Keywords:
C-reactive proteincognitive functioncytokinedeficit syndromeinflammationschizophrenia

More Related Videos

Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
08:04

Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 19, 2020

6.5K
Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
10:32

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Published on: April 23, 2014

18.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
07:30

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Published on: August 18, 2020

6.8K
Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
08:04

Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 19, 2020

6.5K
Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
10:32

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Published on: April 23, 2014

18.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Deficit schizophrenia (DS) is a subtype characterized by primary negative symptoms.
  • Schizophrenia subtypes may differ in cognitive function and inflammatory profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cognitive performance and plasma inflammatory markers (CRP, cytokines) between DS, non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS), and healthy controls (HCs).
  • To identify potential biomarkers and understand the immune-inflammatory basis of DS.

Main Methods:

  • 141 schizophrenia patients (51 DS, 90 NDS) and 67 HCs were assessed.
  • Cognitive function evaluated using Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS).
  • Plasma levels of CRP and various cytokines measured via ELISA.

Main Results:

  • DS patients showed poorer cognitive performance, particularly in immediate memory, attention, and language.
  • DS patients had higher levels of CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, and total proinflammatory cytokines compared to HCs.
  • NDS patients also showed elevated IL-1β, IFN-γ, and proinflammatory cytokines versus HCs.
  • CRP levels were significantly higher in DS than NDS patients, with CRP identified as an independent risk factor for DS.
  • Sex stratification revealed significant cytokine differences in females but not males.

Conclusions:

  • Deficit syndrome appears to be an independent endophenotype of schizophrenia with distinct immune-inflammatory characteristics.
  • Cognitive deficits and inflammatory profiles differ significantly across DS, NDS, and HC groups.
  • The immune-inflammatory features of DS may exhibit sex-specific characteristics.