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Perinatal Stroke in Fetuses, Preterm and Term Infants
R Srivastava1, J Mailo1, M Dunbar2
1Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Albertam, AB, Canada.
Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
|November 7, 2022
Summary
Perinatal stroke, a disruption of brain blood flow in newborns, is a leading cause of lifelong cerebral palsy. This review details risk factors, diagnosis, and management for fetal, preterm, and term neonatal stroke.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pediatrics
- Neonatology
Background:
- Perinatal stroke involves focal cerebral blood flow disruption from 20 weeks gestation to 28 days postnatal.
- It is the primary cause of hemiparetic cerebral palsy, leading to lifelong disability.
- The first week after birth presents the highest risk for perinatal stroke.
Approach:
- This review classifies perinatal strokes by timing (fetal, preterm neonatal, term neonatal, infancy/childhood).
- It details risk factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies.
- The review also covers outcomes, controversies, and family support resources.
Key Points:
- Perinatal stroke affects both term and preterm infants, with distinct vulnerabilities in the preterm brain.
- Classification by age at presentation is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
- Understanding perinatal stroke syndromes impacts prognosis and long-term care.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis and classification of perinatal stroke are essential for effective intervention.
- This review provides a comprehensive summary of current knowledge on perinatal stroke.
- Early identification and management can mitigate the lifelong impact of cerebral palsy.
