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Related Concept Videos

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Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Effect of Fluorescent Proteins on Fusion Partners Using Polyglutamine Toxicity Assays in Yeast
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Fluorescent proteins for a brighter science.

Konstantin A Lukyanov1

  • 1Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|November 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and related fluorescent proteins enable dynamic imaging in living systems. Further development of these genetic markers offers new spectral and chemical properties for advanced molecular imaging.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and its variants are crucial genetically encoded labels for fluorescence molecular imaging.
  • These tools have revolutionized the study of dynamic processes within living cells and organisms.
  • Novel fluorescent proteins binding flavin, bilirubin, and biliverdin have expanded the available spectral and physico-chemical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the future directions and potential advancements in fluorescent protein-based molecular imaging methodologies.
  • To identify the next steps in developing novel genetic markers with enhanced properties.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of current trends in fluorescent protein research.
  • Exploration of protein engineering and directed evolution techniques.

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  • Investigation of novel chromophore binding mechanisms.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of key areas for future fluorescent protein development, including enhanced brightness, photostability, and novel spectral ranges.
    • Potential for engineering proteins with tailored binding specificities for specific biomolecules.
    • Exploration of non-canonical amino acid incorporation for expanded functionality.

    Conclusions:

    • The continued development of fluorescent proteins, including those with unique binding capabilities, promises to significantly advance molecular imaging.
    • Future research should focus on expanding the toolkit of genetically encoded reporters with diverse spectral and functional characteristics.
    • These advancements will enable deeper insights into complex biological systems.