Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

302
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
302
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

1.2K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
1.2K
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

426
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
426
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

144
Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
144
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

879
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
879
Infection01:20

Infection

8.5K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
8.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Monkeypox Virus Infections.

Perspectives in medical virology·2022
Same journal

VI, 3. Molecular biology and epidemiology of Aichi virus and other diarrhoeogenic enteroviruses.

Perspectives in medical virology·2020
Same journal

IV, 6. Calicivirus RNA recombination.

Perspectives in medical virology·2020
Same journal

Viral gastroenteritis: Causes, pathophysiology, immunology, treatment, and epidemiology.

Perspectives in medical virology·2020
Same journal

Chapter 8 Paramyxoviruses.

Perspectives in medical virology·2020
Same journal

I, 2. Physiology and pathophysiology of the gut in relation to viral diarrhea.

Perspectives in medical virology·2020
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1
12:00

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Published on: April 8, 2009

10.4K

Chapter 15 Poxvirus infections

    Perspectives in Medical Virology
    |November 8, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Poxviruses, complex human viruses, were analyzed at the DNA level to differentiate between variola, monkeypox, and vaccinia. The successful eradication of smallpox serves as a model for future disease elimination efforts.

    More Related Videos

    Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression
    10:48

    Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

    Published on: May 15, 2014

    11.5K
    Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3
    07:35

    Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3

    Published on: April 13, 2009

    8.2K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

    Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1
    12:00

    Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

    Published on: April 8, 2009

    10.4K
    Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression
    10:48

    Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

    Published on: May 15, 2014

    11.5K
    Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3
    07:35

    Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3

    Published on: April 13, 2009

    8.2K

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Genetics
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Poxviruses are large, complex viruses that infect humans, with some strains resembling bacteria.
    • Distinguishing between variola (smallpox), monkeypox, vaccinia, and cowpox viruses is crucial due to overlapping clinical presentations.
    • Smallpox has historically been a devastating human disease, with evidence dating back thousands of years.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the relatedness and differentiations between variola, monkeypox, and vaccinia viruses at the DNA level.
    • To highlight the importance of laboratory differentiation for accurate diagnosis and public health management.
    • To document the successful global eradication of smallpox as a precedent for future disease control.

    Main Methods:

    • DNA-level analysis was employed to compare and contrast different poxvirus species.
    • Historical data and public health records were reviewed to document the smallpox eradication campaign.

    Main Results:

    • Genetic analysis provided key differentiations between variola, monkeypox, and vaccinia viruses.
    • The global vaccination campaign led to the last natural case of smallpox in 1977.
    • The World Health Organization officially declared smallpox eradicated in 1980.

    Conclusions:

    • Laboratory differentiation of poxviruses is essential for clinical and epidemiological purposes.
    • The eradication of smallpox represents a landmark achievement in public health.
    • The smallpox eradication serves as a valuable model for the potential elimination of other severe human diseases.