Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

572
Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
572
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

953
Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
953
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

26.3K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
26.3K
Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

1.4K
Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
1.4K
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

41.6K
Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
41.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Macrophages de<i>liver</i> growth.

Science signaling·2025
Same author

Making sense of gastric cancer.

Science signaling·2025
Same author

Alarmin' lymphoid developments.

Science signaling·2025
Same author

In Science Journals.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Healing limited.

Science signaling·2024
Same author

Neurons go antiviral.

Science signaling·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Electroporation-mediated RNA Interference Method in Odonata
13:28

Electroporation-mediated RNA Interference Method in Odonata

Published on: February 6, 2021

5.8K

Interfering with STING.

Amy E Baek1

  • 1Science Signaling, AAAS, Washington, DC 20005, USA.

Science Signaling
|November 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex (AP-1) halts STING signaling pathways at the Golgi apparatus. This discovery reveals a new regulatory mechanism controlling immune responses.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • STING signaling is crucial for innate immunity, initiating inflammatory responses.
  • Dysregulated STING activation is implicated in autoimmune diseases.
  • The Golgi apparatus serves as a key organelle in cellular trafficking and signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex AP-1 in regulating STING signaling.
  • To determine the localization and function of AP-1 in the context of STING activation.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which AP-1 modulates STING-mediated immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to visualize protein localization.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation assays to assess protein interactions.

More Related Videos

RNAi-mediated Double Gene Knockdown and Gustatory Perception Measurement in Honey Bees Apis mellifera
10:57

RNAi-mediated Double Gene Knockdown and Gustatory Perception Measurement in Honey Bees Apis mellifera

Published on: July 25, 2013

15.0K
Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods
10:40

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Published on: December 21, 2019

26.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Electroporation-mediated RNA Interference Method in Odonata
13:28

Electroporation-mediated RNA Interference Method in Odonata

Published on: February 6, 2021

5.8K
RNAi-mediated Double Gene Knockdown and Gustatory Perception Measurement in Honey Bees Apis mellifera
10:57

RNAi-mediated Double Gene Knockdown and Gustatory Perception Measurement in Honey Bees Apis mellifera

Published on: July 25, 2013

15.0K
Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods
10:40

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Published on: December 21, 2019

26.0K
  • STING pathway reporter assays to quantify signaling activity.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to deplete AP-1 subunits.

    • Main Results:

    • AP-1 localizes to the Golgi and interacts with STING.
    • Depletion of AP-1 enhances STING signaling.
    • AP-1 restricts STING trafficking and downstream activation at the Golgi.
    • Specific AP-1 subunits are critical for this inhibitory function.

    Conclusions:

    • The clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex AP-1 acts as a negative regulator of STING signaling.
    • AP-1 functions at the Golgi to control STING activation, providing a novel checkpoint in innate immunity.
    • Targeting the AP-1/STING interaction could offer therapeutic strategies for inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.