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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis
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Emerging plastic litter variants: A perspective on the latest global developments.

Priyadarshi Roy Chowdhury1, Himani Medhi2, Krishna G Bhattacharyya3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.

The Science of the Total Environment
|November 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Emerging plastic litter variants like anthropoquinas and plastiglomerates pose significant threats to marine ecosystems and human health. Understanding their composition and origin is crucial for developing effective management strategies.

Keywords:
AnthropoquinasPlasticrustPlastiglomeratePlastitarPyroplastic

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Marine Biology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Plastic litter poses a significant environmental and health concern.
  • Environmental and anthropogenic factors transform plastic litter into diverse variants with altered properties.
  • These variants can transport foreign species and pathogens, impacting marine ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehend emerging plastic litter variants.
  • To integrate recent developments in understanding these variants.
  • To highlight their adverse effects on coastal ecosystems and propose management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent findings on plastic litter variants.
  • Analysis of the composition, origin, and properties of emerging variants.
  • Examination of ecological impacts and potential management approaches.

Main Results:

  • Identification and description of novel plastic litter variants: anthropoquinas, plasticrust, pyroplastic, plastitar, and plastiglomerate.
  • Elucidation of the factors contributing to the formation and spread of these variants.
  • Assessment of the risks associated with the transportation of biota and pathogens by plastic litter.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging plastic litter variants represent a growing threat to marine environments.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term ecological consequences.
  • Integrated management strategies are essential to mitigate the impacts of these novel pollutants.