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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

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Fidelity, stances, and explaining cultural stability.

Andrew Buskell1, Mathieu Charbonneau2

  • 1Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RH, UK ab2086@cam.ac.ukwww.andrewbuskell.com.

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|November 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The bifocal stance theory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Cultural Evolution
  • Learning Theory

Background:

  • The bifocal stance theory proposes two learning strategies: ritual and instrumental.
  • These strategies are linked to differing fidelity outcomes and cultural stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically examine the concept of "fidelity" within the bifocal stance theory.
  • To re-evaluate the nature of the ritual and instrumental stances.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of the bifocal stance theory.
  • Examination of counterexamples and identified gaps in existing literature.

Main Results:

  • The concept of "fidelity" in the theory is insufficiently explained.
  • The ritual and instrumental stances are better understood as heuristic explanatory strategies.

Conclusions:

  • The bifocal stances are initial explanations of learning, not detailed mechanisms.
  • Rethinking fidelity reframes the theory's implications for cultural stability.