Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice
Published on: August 4, 2011
A Narrative Review - Therapy Options and Therapy Failure in Retinoblastoma
Argyrios Chronopoulos1, Neele Babst2, Christian Schiemenz2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Ludwigshafen, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz und der Medizinischen Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
Abstract:
Retinoblastoma (RB) management has evolved over the last three decades. Goals of modern RB treatment are first to protect life and prevent metastatic disease, then preservation of the globe and useful vision. With modern treatment protocols and early disease detection success rates can reach up to 100% of disease-free-globe and eye preservation. Treatment of advanced cases remains complex, requiring aggressive chemotherapy or/and external beam radiation. Treatment protocols are extremely diverse and dependent on local resources thus success rates are variable. Here we review narratively current treatment protocols and failure rates based on a PubMed search using keywords of retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma seed, retinoblastoma treatment, enucleation.
Related Concept Videos
Cancer Therapies
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Treatment Resistant Cancers
The Retinoblastoma Gene
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
The Retinoblastoma Gene
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
Treatment Resistent Cancers

