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Polarized x-rays from a magnetar.

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|November 10, 2022
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Summary
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Polarized X-ray observations reveal magnetar 4U 0142+61 has a complex magnetic field. Polarization varies with energy, suggesting radiation scattering in the magnetar’s magnetosphere.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • High-energy astrophysics
  • Neutron star research

Background:

  • Magnetars are neutron stars characterized by extremely powerful magnetic fields.
  • X-ray observations are crucial for studying magnetar properties.
  • Polarization measurements offer insights into magnetic fields and surface characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the polarization of X-rays emitted by the magnetar 4U 0142+61.
  • To determine the degree and energy dependence of X-ray polarization from this magnetar.
  • To test models of magnetar emission mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) for observations.
  • Measured the linear polarization degree and angle of X-rays from 4U 0142+61.
  • Analyzed polarization across the 2- to 8-kilo-electron volt energy band.

Main Results:

  • Detected a significant linear polarization degree of 13.5 ± 0.8% averaged over 2-8 keV.
  • Observed energy-dependent polarization: 15.0 ± 1.0% (2-4 keV), low polarization (~4-5 keV), and 35.2 ± 7.1% (5.5-8 keV).
  • Recorded a 90° polarization angle shift around 4-5 keV.

Conclusions:

  • The observed polarization properties are consistent with thermal surface radiation.
  • Scattering of charged particles within the magnetar's magnetosphere likely reprocesses the radiation.
  • These findings support models involving magnetospheric particle interactions in magnetar emission.