Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 22, 2025
08:31
A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
Published on: October 16, 2021
4.0K
Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation: A JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging Expert Panel Viewpoint
William A Zoghbi1, Robert A Levine2, Frank Flachskampf3
1Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging
|November 10, 2022
Summary
Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) occurs when the left ventricle is healthy but the mitral annulus enlarges. A clear definition is needed to improve research on AFMR outcomes and treatments.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Cardiac Physiology
Background:
- Functional mitral regurgitation (MR) stems from left ventricular dysfunction, leading to poor mitral valve coaptation.
- Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) is a distinct form where left ventricular function is preserved, but mitral annular enlargement occurs.
- AFMR is often linked to chronic atrial fibrillation or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Discussion:
- The current understanding of AFMR pathophysiology is limited by inconsistent definitions across studies.
- Standardizing the definition of AFMR is crucial for consistent data collection and comparative research.
- Investigating the specific mechanisms of atrial remodeling in AFMR is essential.
Key Insights:
- AFMR presents a unique challenge in cardiovascular medicine due to preserved left ventricular function.
- Mitral annular enlargement and left atrial dilatation are key features of AFMR.
- Lack of a unified definition hinders research progress in AFMR.
Outlook:
- A collective definition for AFMR is urgently needed to standardize research.
- Further research into AFMR pathophysiology will guide the development of targeted treatment strategies.
- Improved understanding and definition of AFMR will enhance patient outcomes and reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Keywords:
atrial fibrillationatrial functional mitral regurgitationfunctional mitral regurgitationheart failure with preserved ejection fractionventricular functional mitral regurgitationMore Related Videos
07:42An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
Published on: May 19, 2020
7.1K
11:16In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published on: February 25, 2022
3.4K
Related Concept Videos
01:23Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests
35
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
35
01:23Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests
29
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
29
01:20Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction
33
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
33
01:25Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management
25
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
25
01:28Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management
70
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a condition where the mitral valve does not close properly, leading to the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. This condition can arise from various causes, including rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, or degenerative valve disease. Effective nursing management is crucial to optimizing patient outcomes and involves comprehensive assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed...
70
01:22Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests
46
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
46