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Morphological Differences between Sheep and Goat Calcanea Using Two-Dimensional Geometric Morphometrics.

Lluís Lloveras1, Carme Rissech2, Simon Davis3

  • 1Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Montalegre 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|November 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Distinguishing sheep and goat bones is challenging. This study uses geometric morphometrics (GM) on calcanea to reveal clear differences, aiding in species identification and potentially breed distinctions.

Keywords:
Capra hircusOvis ariescalcaneumosteologyshapesmall bovidzooarchaeology

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Area of Science:

  • Zooarchaeology
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Morphometrics

Background:

  • Differentiating sheep and goat bones is a persistent challenge in zooarchaeology.
  • Previous methods relied on qualitative traits and traditional osteometry, with limitations.
  • Geometric morphometrics (GM) offers a precise approach to analyzing morphological variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze morphological variations in the calcaneum (heel bone) between sheep and goats using 2D GM.
  • To identify specific anatomical regions exhibiting interspecific differences.
  • To assess the utility of GM in detecting subtle variations missed by conventional techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Selected 79 calcanea (47 sheep, 32 goats).
  • Utilized 2D geometric morphometrics with 20 landmarks on the calcaneal surface.
  • Applied principal component analysis to quantify shape variations.

Main Results:

  • Identified clear interspecific differences in calcaneal morphology between sheep and goats.
  • Key variations were located on the calcaneal tuber, neck, sustentacular tali, and malleolar/cubonavicular articular surfaces.
  • GM detected subtle yet significant geometric variations not easily measurable by traditional methods.

Conclusions:

  • Geometric morphometrics provides a powerful and detailed method for distinguishing sheep and goat calcanea.
  • The findings offer new insights into caprine bone morphology and identification.
  • Results suggest potential for identifying qualitative features to differentiate caprine breeds.