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José R Guimarães1,2, Diego Carballares1, Javier Rocha-Martin3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemical and physical modifications alter immobilized enzyme activity and stability. Combining these modifications with metal mineralization offers a versatile strategy to tune biocatalyst performance for diverse applications.

Keywords:
enzyme features tuningimmobilized lipase mineralizationimmobilized lipase physicochemical modificationsolid phase enzyme modification

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Area of Science:

  • Biocatalysis and enzyme engineering
  • Surface chemistry and materials science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Enzyme immobilization is crucial for industrial biocatalysis, but modifications are needed to optimize performance.
  • Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) are widely used enzymes.
  • Tuning enzyme properties requires understanding the interplay between immobilization, chemical/physical modification, and mineralization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of chemical and physical modifications on immobilized CALB and TLL.
  • To explore the impact of metal mineralization on the modified enzymes.
  • To determine if pre-modification can tune the effects of subsequent mineralization.

Main Methods:

  • Immobilization of CALB and TLL on octyl agarose.
  • Chemical modifications using glutaraldehyde, trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, ethylenediamine/carbodiimide.
  • Physical coating with polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate.
  • Mineralization using phosphate metals (Zn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Mg2+).
  • Assay of enzyme activity, specificity, and stability with various substrates.

Main Results:

  • Modifications altered enzyme activity and stability, with substrate-dependent effects.
  • PEI modification significantly increased TLL activity (8-fold) with R-methyl mandelate.
  • Enzyme stability generally improved after modification, with PEI and glutaraldehyde preserving >70% activity.
  • Mineralization affected activity, specificity, and stability, with variable outcomes depending on the enzyme and metal.
  • Pre-modifications modulated the impact of mineralization, demonstrating a tunable effect.

Conclusions:

  • Combined chemical/physical modification and mineralization offer a powerful approach to engineer biocatalyst properties.
  • TLL demonstrated greater tunability than CALB under the tested strategies.
  • This strategy expands the library of modified immobilized enzymes for tailored applications.