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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
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The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

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Gut Microbiome Changes in Gestational Diabetes.

Ruxandra Florentina Ionescu1,2, Robert Mihai Enache3, Sanda Maria Cretoiu2

  • 1Department of Cardiology I, Central Military Emergency Hospital "Dr Carol Davila", 030167 Bucharest, Romania.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked to gut microbiome changes, with specific bacterial phyla alterations observed. Lifestyle interventions like diet and probiotics show promise for managing GDM and improving maternal and infant health.

Keywords:
Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratiodysbiosisgestational diabetesgut microbiomemicrobiotaprebioticsprobiotics

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Microbiology
  • Reproductive Health
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication linked to insulin resistance.
  • Rising obesity rates in women of reproductive age parallel the increasing incidence of GDM.
  • Intestinal microbiome alterations are implicated in obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the relationship between gut microbiome dysbiosis and GDM.
  • To explore how diet and metabolic status influence the gut microbiome in GDM patients.
  • To discuss potential impacts on maternal and newborn health and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of peer-reviewed articles from online databases.
  • Analysis of studies investigating gut microbiota composition in women with GDM.
  • Examination of research on interventions for GDM management.

Main Results:

  • Common GDM-associated microbiome alterations include increased *Firmicutes* and decreased *Bacteroidetes* and *Actinobacteria*.
  • Gut dysbiosis persists postpartum and may affect newborn development.
  • Probiotics and physical activity demonstrate efficacy in blood glucose control during GDM.

Conclusions:

  • Gut dysbiosis is significantly correlated with GDM development and progression.
  • Lifestyle modifications, prebiotics, and probiotics offer promising avenues for GDM prevention and treatment.
  • Understanding the gut microbiota's role opens new therapeutic targets for GDM.