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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
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Induction and Validation of Cellular Senescence in Primary Human Cells
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Cellular Senescence in Physiological and Pathological Processes.

Mauro Finicelli1, Gianfranco Peluso1,2, Tiziana Squillaro3

  • 1Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.

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Cellular senescence impacts human biology in both healthy and diseased states. Understanding this aging process is key to developing new therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and cellular biology.
  • Molecular and translational medicine.

Background:

  • Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest, plays a dual role in human biology.
  • It contributes to aging and age-related diseases but also acts as a tumor-suppressive mechanism.

Discussion:

  • This Special Issue explores the multifaceted impact of cellular senescence.
  • It covers its involvement in physiological processes like development and wound healing.
  • It also examines its role in pathological conditions such as cancer, fibrosis, and neurodegeneration.

Key Insights:

  • Senescence is a fundamental biological process with significant implications for healthspan and lifespan.
  • Targeting senescent cells (senotherapeutics) shows promise for treating age-related ailments.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Outlook:

  • Future research will focus on developing precise senolytic and senomorphic drugs.
  • Investigating senescence in diverse human populations will refine our understanding.
  • Translating these findings into clinical applications holds significant therapeutic potential.