Lateral Flow Immunoassays for Detecting Viral Infectious Antigens and Antibodies

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Biotechnology
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• Early disease detection is crucial for preventing global health crises.
• Numerous immunological assays exist, but simplicity and accessibility remain key challenges.
• Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) provides a user-friendly, low-cost, and rapid diagnostic solution.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the available formats, components, and reporter systems of LFIA strips.
• To provide an overview of current LFIA applications in detecting viral infections.
• To highlight the utility of LFIA in managing infectious disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on Lateral Flow Immunoassay.
• Analysis of LFIA strip components, including membranes, conjugates, and detection methods.
• Compilation of data on LFIA performance in detecting viral antigens and antibodies.

Main Results:

• LFIA technology is characterized by its ease of use, minimal equipment requirements, and rapid turnaround times.
• Various LFIA formats and reporter systems enhance sensitivity and specificity.
• LFIA has demonstrated significant utility in detecting viral antigens and humoral immune responses during pandemics.

Conclusions:

• Lateral flow immunoassays are a valuable tool for rapid, point-of-care detection of infectious diseases.
• The versatility of LFIA allows for adaptation to various pathogens and diagnostic needs.
• Continued development of LFIA technology will further enhance global public health surveillance and response capabilities.