Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition01:27

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition

268
Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
PN can be administered through two primary routes:
1. Central Parenteral Nutrition (CPN):
CPN involves delivering a high concentration of nutrients through a large vein. This is typically achieved using a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) or,...
268
Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding01:15

Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding

250
Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
Nasointestinal Feeding
Nasointestinal feeding involves placing a tube...
250
Enteral Nutrition I: Orogastric and Nasogastric Feeding01:26

Enteral Nutrition I: Orogastric and Nasogastric Feeding

426
Enteral nutrition delivers nutrients directly to the stomach or small intestine through a tube. This method is appropriate for patients who cannot eat but still have a functioning digestive system. It is also beneficial for individuals with swallowing difficulties, anorexia, malabsorption, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
Orogastric (OG) and nasogastric (NG) feeding are two standard methods used for enteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition is often preferred over...
426
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

2.1K
The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
2.1K
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

743
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
743
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

185
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
185

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Parenteral Nutrition on Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Nutrients·2024
Same author

Comparing Aluminum Concentrations in Adult and Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition Solutions: Multichamber-Bag versus Compounded Parenteral Nutrition.

Nutrients·2024
Same journal

Correction: Pramesthi et al. Evaluating the Impact of Indonesia's National School Feeding Program (ProGAS) on Children's Nutrition and Learning Environment: A Mixed-Methods Approach. <i>Nutrients</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 3575.

Nutrients·2026
Same journal

Correction: Huang et al. Correlation Study Between Dietary Behaviors, Lifestyle, and Psychological Problems in Chinese Children Aged 3-7. <i>Nutrients</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 176.

Nutrients·2026
Same journal

Association of Dietary Animal and Plant Protein Composition with All-Cause Mortality: 24-Year Population-Based Cohort Study.

Nutrients·2026
Same journal

Phytochemistry, Bioavailability, and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Multitarget Anticancer Activity of <i>Aloe vera</i>.

Nutrients·2026
Same journal

A Comparison of the Interstitial and Blood Glucose Responses Following Consumption of Different Carbohydrate-Containing Beverages in Humans: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Nutrients·2026
Same journal

Across Kingdoms: The Bacteriome, Mycobiome, and Virome in Autoimmune Diseases: Mechanistic Insights, Therapeutic Perspectives, and the Emerging Role of COVID-19.

Nutrients·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

10.7K

Parenteral Nutrition Overview.

David Berlana1,2

  • 1Pharmacy Department, Vall Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.

Nutrients
|November 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parenteral nutrition (PN) provides essential nutrients when oral intake is impossible. Careful monitoring is crucial to prevent serious metabolic and infectious complications associated with this life-saving therapy.

Keywords:
adultshospitalized patientslipidsmacronutrientsmalnutritionparenteral nutritionparenteral nutrition associated complicationsrefeeding

More Related Videos

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat
08:18

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

Published on: August 14, 2013

12.8K
A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

30.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

10.7K
A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat
08:18

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

Published on: August 14, 2013

12.8K
A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

30.6K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Medical Interventions
  • Patient Care

Background:

  • Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a critical intervention for patients unable to achieve adequate oral or enteral nutrition (EN).
  • PN provides essential macronutrients, micronutrients, electrolytes, and fluids, typically administered intravenously due to its hypertonicity.
  • While central venous access is preferred, peripheral PN offers an alternative for specific cases, with various compounding methods available.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the essential components, administration routes, and compounding alternatives for parenteral nutrition.
  • To highlight the potential metabolic, infectious, and long-term complications associated with PN therapy.
  • To emphasize the importance of optimal monitoring and timely management for preventing and mitigating PN-related adverse events.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of parenteral nutrition components, administration, and complications.
  • Analysis of metabolic and infectious complications associated with PN.
  • Discussion of long-term sequelae and preventative strategies.

Main Results:

  • Parenteral nutrition requires careful administration via central or peripheral lines, with diverse compounding options.
  • Significant risks include metabolic disturbances (hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, electrolyte imbalance) and infectious complications.
  • Long-term PN use, especially home-PN, is linked to hepatobiliary and bone diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Parenteral nutrition is a vital but complex therapy requiring meticulous management.
  • Early detection and intervention for metabolic and infectious complications are essential for patient safety.
  • PN should be reserved for malnourished or at-risk patients when EN is not feasible, with careful consideration of initiation timing and risk factors.