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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Novel Scintillating Nanoparticles for Potential Application in Photodynamic Cancer Therapy.

Bianca A da Silva1, Michael Nazarkovsky1, Helmut Isaac Padilla-Chavarría1

  • 1Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 225 Marquês de São Vicente Str., Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil.

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Novel X-ray-absorbing nanoparticles, including gadolinium oxide and hybrid silica-gadolinium oxide, show promise for photodynamic therapy (PDT) by overcoming light penetration limits in cancer treatment. These biocompatible materials exhibit suitable photoluminescence and low cytotoxicity.

Keywords:
cancernanoparticlesnanosilicaphotodynamic therapyrare earth oxides

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Photodynamic therapy (PDT) faces limitations due to the shallow penetration depth of visible and infrared light.
  • X-ray-absorbing scintillating nanoparticles offer a potential solution to enhance PDT efficacy for deeper-seated tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize novel gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3:Eu3+) and hybrid silica-gadolinium oxide (SiO2-Gd2O3:Eu3+) nanoparticles.
  • To evaluate their structural, optical, and biocompatibility properties for potential application in PDT.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles using polyvinyl alcohol capping.
  • Preparation of SiO2-Gd2O3:Eu3+ hybrid nanoparticles via impregnation.
  • Structural characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  • Photoluminescence spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays on GL261 cells.

Main Results:

  • Crystallinity and purity of Gd2O3:Eu3+ confirmed by XRD, SEM, and TEM.
  • Homogeneous distribution of nanostructured rare earth oxides in SiO2-Gd2O3:Eu3+.
  • Stable negative zeta potentials observed for both nanoparticle types.
  • Characteristic Eu3+ photoluminescence, including a strong band at 610 nm, was detected.
  • Materials demonstrated low cytotoxicity on GL261 cells within the tested concentration range.

Conclusions:

  • Synthesized Gd2O3:Eu3+ and SiO2-Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles possess desirable structural and optical properties for PDT.
  • The nanoparticles exhibit good biocompatibility, with minimal impact on cell viability.
  • These X-ray-absorbing scintillating nanoparticles represent promising alternative materials for advancing photodynamic cancer therapy.