Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Particles without a Box: Brush-first Synthesis of Photodegradable PEG Star Polymers under Ambient Conditions
Published on: October 10, 2013
Polymerization in the Borstar Polypropylene Hybrid Process: Combining Technology and Catalyst for Optimized Product
Michiel F Bergstra1, Peter Denifl2, Markus Gahleitner2
1Borealis Polymers N.V., Industrieweg 148, 3580 Beringen, Belgium.
Abstract:
Producing isotactic polypropylene (iPP) homo- and copolymers in a wide composition and property range according to customer demand requires perfect alignment between the process technology, catalyst system and polymer structure. The present review shows this for the Borstar® PP process, a hybrid process employing liquid bulk and gas phase stages, in an exemplary way. It starts with the process design and continues through two generations of Ziegler-Natta catalyst development history to the design of advanced multimodal random and multiphase copolymers. Essential elements of each of the three areas contributing to performance range are highlighted, and an outlook to future development is given.
Related Concept Videos
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Polymer Classification: Architecture
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

