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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

2.0K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
2.0K
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

1.1K
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
1.1K
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

636
Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
636
Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

5.8K
Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
5.8K
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

640
Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
640
Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

1.2K
The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
1.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Changes in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity
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Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Changes in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity

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Statistical Study on Human Temperature Measurement by Infrared Thermography.

Michal Švantner1, Vladislav Lang1, Jiří Skála1

  • 1New Technologies-Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Infrared thermography for human temperature measurement shows limitations. Maximum eye temperature measurements are more reliable than forehead measurements, despite potential outliers and variations.

Keywords:
body temperatureemerging diseasesfever screeninghuman temperatureinfection controlinfectious diseasesinfrared thermographymedical thermographythermal imagingthermographic measurement

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Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Statistical Analysis

Background:

  • Elevated human body temperature is a key indicator of infectious diseases, making accurate measurement crucial for diagnosis.
  • Non-contact infrared thermography offers advantages in speed and safety for temperature assessment.
  • Previous applications of infrared thermography in medicine highlight its potential but also necessitate understanding its limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To statistically evaluate the accuracy and limitations of infrared/thermographic human temperature measurement.
  • To compare the reliability of eye temperature versus forehead temperature measurements using thermography.
  • To provide a comprehensive analysis of thermography's diagnostic utility in fever detection.

Main Methods:

  • Conducting experiments under near-ideal conditions with permanent blackbody correction.
  • Performing statistical analysis on thermographic measurements, including standard deviation and mean differences.
  • Utilizing simulations for true negative/false positive rates, sensitivity/specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Main Results:

  • Standard deviation for maximum eye temperature measurements ranged from 0.4-0.9 °C.
  • Mean differences between thermographic eye temperature and armpit measurements were up to 0.5 °C.
  • Outliers were observed, indicating a need for careful interpretation of thermographic data.

Conclusions:

  • Maximum eye temperature measured via thermography is a more relevant indicator than forehead temperature.
  • While promising, infrared thermography requires careful consideration of its inherent limitations and potential for outliers.
  • Further statistical validation is essential for widespread clinical adoption of thermographic fever screening.