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Time-Differenced Carrier Phase Technique for Precise Velocity Estimation on an Android Smartphone.

Antonio Angrisano1, Giovanni Cappello2, Silvio Del Pizzo2

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Time-Differenced Carrier Phase (TDCP) offers precise velocity estimation for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. Despite performance degradation on smartphone chips, TDCP remains a viable technique for advanced applications.

Keywords:
GNSSRAIMTDCPcarrier phasecycle slipssmartphone

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Area of Science:

  • Geomatics Engineering
  • Satellite Navigation Systems
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers determine position and velocity.
  • Doppler shift and Time-Differenced Carrier Phase (TDCP) are key velocity estimation techniques.
  • Smartphone GNSS chips often have noisy observables due to lower-quality antennas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the performance of the TDCP technique on a smartphone GNSS chip.
  • To compare TDCP with the Doppler-based velocity estimation method on various GNSS receivers.
  • To evaluate the benefits and limitations of TDCP on low-cost smartphone hardware.

Main Methods:

  • Velocity estimation using Doppler shift and TDCP techniques.
  • Comparative analysis across a geodetic receiver (Novatel), a multi-frequency receiver (u-blox), and a smartphone (Xiaomi Mi8).
  • Application of a Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) algorithm to assess solution reliability.

Main Results:

  • TDCP shows performance degradation on the smartphone GNSS chip compared to higher-grade receivers.
  • Smartphone TDCP maximum errors did not exceed 6 cm/s, indicating its viability.
  • A few mm/s accuracy was achieved for TDCP velocity on the smartphone.
  • RAIM algorithm application resulted in approximately 89% solution reliability.

Conclusions:

  • TDCP is a valid technique for advanced velocity estimation, even on smartphone GNSS chips.
  • While smartphone hardware introduces performance limitations, TDCP accuracy remains promising.
  • RAIM integration enhances the reliability of velocity solutions derived from smartphone GNSS data.