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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

6.9K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
6.9K
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

3.1K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
3.1K
Blinding01:11

Blinding

2.5K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
2.5K
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

7.1K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
7.1K
Crossover Experiments01:16

Crossover Experiments

2.9K
Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
2.9K
Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

213
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
213

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
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A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

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The CASSISS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Tanya N Turan1, Marios-Nikos Psychogios2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (T.N.T.).

Stroke
|November 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The CASSISS trial found that angioplasty and stenting offer no stroke prevention benefit over medical therapy for severe intracranial stenosis. This reinforces current guidelines against routine stenting for stroke prevention in these patients.

Keywords:
Chinaangioplastyintracranial atherosclerosisischemic attack, transientmortality

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis poses a significant stroke risk.
  • Medical therapy is the current standard for stroke prevention.
  • Percutaneous angioplasty and stenting have been investigated as alternative treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous angioplasty and stenting versus medical therapy for stroke prevention in symptomatic severe intracranial stenosis.

Main Methods:

  • The China Angioplasty & Stenting for Symptomatic Intracranial Severe Stenosis (CASSISS) trial was a randomized controlled trial.
  • Patients with symptomatic severe intracranial stenosis were randomized to receive either stenting plus medical therapy or medical therapy alone.

Main Results:

  • The CASSISS trial did not demonstrate a significant benefit of angioplasty and stenting over medical therapy in preventing stroke.
  • Results are consistent with previous randomized controlled trials on this topic.

Conclusions:

  • Percutaneous angioplasty and stenting should not be routinely performed for stroke prevention in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.
  • Findings reinforce existing clinical practice guidelines.
  • The trial offers insights for future research in trial design for similar interventions.