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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles
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Published on: October 18, 2024

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Decrease in serum levels of autotaxin in COVID-19 patients.

Takuya Shimura1, Makoto Kurano1,2, Koh Okamoto3

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Annals of Medicine
|November 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Serum levels of autotaxin (ATX), an enzyme linked to pulmonary inflammation in COVID-19, were found to be decreased in patients. This reduction may represent a compensatory response to suppress the overactive immune response characteristic of the disease.

Keywords:
AutotaxinCOVID-19inflammationlysophosphatidic acidsseverity

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) are implicated in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis.
  • Autotaxin (ATX) is a key enzyme in LPA synthesis.
  • Understanding molecular responses in COVID-19 is crucial for identifying therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between serum autotaxin (ATX) levels and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • To investigate the time course of ATX levels in relation to disease severity and clinical parameters.

Main Methods:

  • 134 COVID-19 patients and 58 healthy controls were enrolled.
  • Serum ATX levels were measured longitudinally.
  • Associations with disease severity and clinical markers were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Serum ATX levels were reduced in all COVID-19 patients, regardless of severity.
  • Decreased ATX levels showed a negative association with C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 is associated with decreased serum ATX levels.
  • ATX modulation may be a compensatory mechanism to mitigate excessive immune responses in the lungs.
  • This finding offers insights into the biological mechanisms underlying COVID-19 severity and mortality.