Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...

Study Designs in Epidemiology

Study Designs in Epidemiology

Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...

Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Association of physical function and sleep with oxidative stress in adults with chronic pain: A pragmatic clinical trial secondary analysis.

The Journal of international medical research·2026

Same author

Risk Factors for Job Stress Among Older Korean Security Workers With Hypertension: A Multilevel Analysis.

Workplace health & safety·2026

Same author

The Role of Resilience in Coping With Future Uncertainty Among People With Brain Tumors: Cross-Sectional Study.

JMIR cancer·2026

Same author

Experiences of informal caregivers of people with dementia with acceptance and commitment therapy: a meta-synthesis of qualitative research.

Aging & mental health·2025

Same author

Dynamic Interactions in Chronic Pain-Related Outcomes: A Secondary Data Analysis of a Pragmatic Clinical Trial With Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial Design.

Military medicine·2025

Same author

Predictors of Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Practices Among Hospital Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The Journal of nursing administration·2025

Same journal

Corrigendum: Psychometric testing of the Korean version of the Undergraduate Nursing Student Academic Satisfaction Scale: a methodological study.

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing·2026

Same journal

Effects of a practitioner-led empowerment program for low-income social service recipients in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study.

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing·2026

Same journal

A structural equation model of respiratory infection prevention behaviors among elementary school teachers in South Korea: a cross-sectional study.

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing·2026

Same journal

Development of emergency nursing educational materials in Lao People's Democratic Republic: a methodological study.

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing·2026

Same journal

Lived experiences of correctional officers in treating drug offenders: a hermeneutic phenomenological approach.

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing·2026

Same journal

Experiences of nurses working as physician assistants under the expanded scope-of-practice policy following the 2024 resignation of medical residents in South Korea: a phenomenological study.

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

Pragmatic Clinical Trials

Ardith Z Doorenbos¹, Duckhee Chae²

¹College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. ardith@uic.edu.

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

|November 14, 2022

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults

Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults

Published on: February 12, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults

Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults

Published on: February 12, 2020