Is Thoracic Paddle Lead Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation Safe in an Ambulatory Surgery Center?

Spinal cord stimulation is an effective treatment modality for chronic pain. Although percutaneous leads are commonly placed in the outpatient setting, paddle leads are typically implanted in the inpatient setting. Given the substantial cost savings associated with the ambulatory setting, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of thoracic paddle lead implantation in a freestanding ambulatory surgery center (ASC).

Consecutive patients undergoing thoracic paddle lead implantation at a single freestanding ASC from January 2015 to December 2020 were queried. Demographic, perioperative, and outcome data were collected. Primary outcomes were incidence of intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications and need for inpatient transfer. Secondary outcomes included readmission at 30 and 90 days and reoperation at 30 days, 90 days, and 1 year.

A total of 46 patients underwent ambulatory thoracic paddle lead implantation over the study period. Two patients (4.3%) suffered an immediate postoperative complication requiring return to surgery at the ASC-one for an epidural hematoma, and one for a flank hematoma. All but one patient (97.8%) were discharged home on the day of surgery. The overall 30- and 90-day readmission rates were 4.3% and 6.5%, respectively. One patient (2.2%) required reoperation for a mechanical complication. No device-related infections were noted during the follow-up period.

Thoracic laminotomy for paddle lead spinal cord stimulator implantation can be performed in a freestanding ASC with complication rates comparable to the hospital setting. Future comparative studies that assess clinical outcomes and cost are necessary to determine the cost-effectiveness of the ambulatory setting.