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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
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Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells
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Weaponizing natural killer cells for solid cancer immunotherapy.

Joshua K M Wong1, Riccardo Dolcetti2, Handoo Rhee3

  • 1The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.

Trends in Cancer
|November 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enhancing natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy shows promise for solid tumors by boosting antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). New methods safely increase NK cell effectiveness against cancer.

Keywords:
NK cellsantibody therapeuticsantibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicitysolid tumorstumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cell-based innate immunity is a key strategy for treating difficult solid cancers.
  • Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy activates NK cells to target cancer via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).
  • Solid tumors employ immunosuppressive mechanisms that can limit NK cell ADCC efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in enhancing NK cell-mediated ADCC for solid tumor immunotherapy.
  • To discuss strategies for overcoming tumor-induced immunosuppression and maximizing NK cell therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on NK cell immunotherapy and ADCC enhancement.
  • Discussion of novel mechanisms, including temporary inhibition of receptor endocytosis.
  • Analysis of immunotherapies aimed at boosting innate anticancer immunity.

Main Results:

  • Temporary inhibition of receptor endocytosis can increase antibody presentation, enhancing NK cell ADCC.
  • Various immunotherapies are being developed to overcome tumor defenses and improve NK cell function.
  • Combining different approaches may maximize the therapeutic efficacy of innate immunity against solid tumors.

Conclusions:

  • NK cell-based immunotherapy, particularly through enhanced ADCC, offers a promising avenue for treating solid tumors.
  • Novel strategies are crucial for overcoming tumor immunosuppression and unlocking the full potential of innate anticancer immunity.
  • Future research should focus on integrating these advancements for improved patient outcomes.