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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 21, 2025

Imaging Glioma Initiation In Vivo Through a Polished and Reinforced Thin-skull Cranial Window
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Decoding vesicle-based precision oncology in gliomas.

Syeda Maheen Batool1, Tiffaney Hsia1, Sirena K Khanna1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Neuro-Oncology Advances
|November 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a minimally invasive liquid biopsy for glioma, detecting tumor biomarkers in plasma. This review covers EV isolation and analysis methods for clinical applications.

Keywords:
extracellular vesiclesgliomaliquid biopsyplasma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial in liquid biopsy for glioma, offering diagnostic and prognostic insights.
  • EV-based liquid biopsy is less invasive and more cost-effective than traditional tissue biopsy.
  • Tumor-derived EVs carry molecular biomarkers (DNA, RNA, proteins) reflecting glioma dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methods for isolating, quantifying, and characterizing plasma EVs in glioma patients.
  • To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various EV analysis techniques.
  • To explore the clinical translational opportunities and challenges of EV-based liquid biopsy for glioma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of commercial and noncommercial methods for plasma EV isolation and quantification.
  • Analysis of techniques for biochemical characterization, including whole EV analysis, mutation detection, and genomic/proteomic profiling.

Main Results:

  • Plasma EVs provide valuable molecular information for glioma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.
  • Various isolation and analytical methods have distinct advantages and limitations.
  • Current techniques allow for comprehensive profiling of EV cargo.

Conclusions:

  • EV-based liquid biopsy holds significant clinical potential for glioma management.
  • Addressing challenges in standardization and validation is crucial for clinical implementation.
  • Further research is needed to optimize EV analysis for routine glioma care.