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Treating osteoporosis: risks and management.

Jimmy Zhu1,2,3, Lyn March1,2,3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoporosis and fractures are rising in older adults. Early intervention with lifestyle changes and appropriate medications can manage bone density and reduce fracture risk.

Keywords:
bisphosphonatesbone fracturescalciumdenosumabosteoporosisraloxifeneromosozumabteriparatidevitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Osteoporosis and osteopenia are increasingly prevalent in aging populations, leading to significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.
  • Minimal trauma fractures are a growing concern, highlighting the need for effective prevention and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for managing osteoporosis, osteopenia, and related fractures in the aging population.
  • To discuss the role of lifestyle modifications, supplementation, and pharmacotherapy in preventing and treating bone loss.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on osteoporosis management.
  • Analysis of pharmacological treatments, including antiresorptives and anabolics.
  • Discussion of non-pharmacological interventions like exercise and supplementation.

Main Results:

  • Calcium and vitamin D supplementation are beneficial for high-risk individuals but not universally required.
  • Exercise and physical activity improve bone density and reduce fall risk.
  • Antiresorptive drugs (bisphosphonates, denosumab) are first-line treatments, with specific monitoring and interruption guidelines.
  • Anabolic agents (romosozumab, teriparatide) are second-line options for severe disease.
  • Raloxifene is an alternative for women intolerant to first-line therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Ongoing monitoring and long-term therapy are typically necessary for osteoporosis management.
  • Treatment interruption strategies require careful consideration, especially for denosumab.
  • Specialist referral is recommended for patients experiencing fractures during osteoporosis treatment.